Quick answer
Insulate exposed pipes, keep vulnerable areas above freezing where practical, and know where your stopcock is. If a pipe freezes, turn off the water if a leak develops and thaw it gently; never use a blowtorch or open flame.
Protect vulnerable pipework
Pipes in lofts, garages, cupboards against outside walls and other unheated spaces are more exposed to cold. Fit suitable pipe insulation and ensure it covers bends and joints, not just straight runs. Repair gaps in draughty areas, while keeping required ventilation clear. Do not block air vents that help a building or appliance operate safely.
Check that loft tanks and pipes are insulated appropriately, while leaving any designed access and ventilation arrangements intact. If you are unsure which parts should be insulated, ask a qualified plumber. Insulation slows heat loss but does not guarantee pipes cannot freeze during prolonged cold.
Plan for cold weather
- Know the location of the household stopcock and make sure it can turn without force.
- Keep the heating at a low, steady setting during cold spells if the property is occupied and this is safe for the heating system.
- Before leaving a property empty, consider the heating, water supply and insurer's requirements. Do not drain a heating system unless competent to do so.
- Check exposed pipework periodically for damaged or missing insulation, especially after building work.
If a pipe may be frozen
- 1Check taps gently. A reduced flow can indicate a frozen section, but do not keep opening and closing taps forcefully.
- 2If you find a burst or leaking pipe, turn off the water at the stopcock if safe and open cold taps to help drain the affected section.
- 3Thaw a suspected frozen pipe slowly with warm towels or gentle warmth from a safe distance. Never use a flame, blowtorch or boiling water.
- 4Watch for leaks as the pipe thaws. If the pipe is inaccessible, damaged or the leak returns, stop and call a plumber.
Further help
A frozen pipe can split and leak only once thawing begins. Check cupboards, ceilings and areas below exposed pipework for dampness. TraceFix offers emergency plumbing and leak investigation in Birmingham and London; arrange help if you cannot safely isolate or assess the pipe.
When to call a plumber
- A pipe has burst or water is escaping.
- The frozen section is concealed or difficult to reach safely.
- You cannot turn the stopcock or the leak continues after isolation.
- You suspect damage to heating pipework or a water tank.